The Analytical Lookaround: Shooting backgrounds, Blazers D and good shots由那么爱呢_ 发表在翻译团招工部 https://bbs.hupu.com/fyt-store
With the games coming thick and fast, there are almost too many storylines to keep track of. Certainly too many to limit me to one quick lookaround per week. Here are a few more trends and topics of note from the last few days of play.
Shooting in silence
Heading into the bubble, there were questions about how players would adjust to the unusual shooting backgrounds. Given the different depth of field behind each basket as well as the much lower ambient noise and lack of waving thunder sticks (thank goodness), there were questions about the effects. One position was that the lack of depth behind the backboard would help shooting, by avoiding the “Stadium Effect” — itself the subject of some discussion, with some evidence indicating teams shoot slightly worse in larger football stadiums at least in the college game, though the issue is far from settled either way. In any event, the relatively small area behind the backboards in the three bubble gyms would presumably cut the other way if the effect was real, making shooting easier.
While it is difficult to draw apples-to-apples comparisons based on accuracy for shots during general play — the various factors which go into shot quality plus the somewhat biased samples of team and shooter quality resulting from eliminating the Delete Eight squads from contention are nigh impossible to account for without more detailed tracking data than is available publicly — we can look at free throws. Players and coaches have noted that shooting game free throws in this environment is just odd.
Kings’ head coach Luke Walton noted, “I think as guys are competing and getting going, they kind of get lost in the game. But there’s times at the free throw line that it’s pretty quiet in the gym. So that’s probably one of the adjustments players have to make as far as playing with no crowd out there.”
Evan Fournier of the Magic concurred with the sentiment: “It reminds me of the European championships when you’re a 16-year-old or a 17-year-old, and you play at 9 o’clock and the gym is just empty. That’s really what it reminds me of, but it’s been a while. Free throws were really, really quiet. So when I got to the line the other day, I could hear myself dribble, and I was like, ‘Whoa, I’ve got to make this shot!’ It felt awkward. But we’re pros. It’s a part of it now.”
Fournier’s teammate, Nikola Vucevic, noticed something similar, with shooting during live ball play not feeling much different but that “[t]he only thing: when we’re shooting free throws. I was shooting the first free throw, and it was super-quiet, and it was just like, ‘This is this a little awkward because there’s no noise at all.’ Usually, there is something when you’re trying to shoot. So it was a little weird.”
Now, the shots feeling unusual is not the same as the shots not going in. I’ve been curious as to how the environment might actually impact accuracy. One plausible theory heading in was that players would feel that sort of self-consciousness alluded to by Fournier and Vucevic any time they stepped to the line before better calibrating on second attempts. There is already an established split between first and subsequent free throws. Prior to the shutdown, the NBA as a whole made 74.8 percent of “1 of 2” free throws before improving to 79.1 percent on the second of two. So if you see a coach call a timeout between a pair of opponent free throws, you’ll know they’ve probably been informed of this split. It’s a tiny edge, gaining a team at most a few points of expectation over the course of a season. But you pick up the penny lying on the ground even though it’s only a penny.
How has it played out in the bubble?
Interestingly, it seems as if the lack of distraction matters far more than the pin-drop environment. Front ends of two-shot fouls have been converted at a rate of 73.9 percent, down a bit, but given the sample size of just over 800 shots, well within normal ranges. By contrast, back ends have been made at a sizzling 82.2 percent, that 8.3 percentage point gap between first and second shots being almost twice as large as the spread seen pre-bubble. Digging a little deeper into the comparison by using the attempts weighted average of pre-bubble free throw percentages, the average pair of attempts from the stripe was taken by a 76.6 percent shooter. In the bubble, this average has been … 76.6 percent.
In the bubble, shooters are hitting nearly 2.8 percentage points below seasonal averages on front ends, as compared to only 1.8 percent below pre-bubble. The flip side is that second attempts are being made at more than 5.4 points higher a rate than seasonal averages in the bubble compared to 2.4 percent pre-shutdown. It’s not enough shot attempts to be certain of any effect, but an interesting trend to watch.
And speaking of fouls and trends, after the first five days of play saw some pretty egregious foul rates, there was some hope on Tuesday, with free throw attempt rates still elevated from pre-shutdown levels, but not by the 30 percent-plus increase the first few bubble games saw. Sadly, the trend did not continue into Wednesday’s play:
Taking on the challenge defensively
Portland has been pleasant surprise in Orlando, going 2-1 so far and only a narrow loss to the Celtics from going 3-0. Regardless, the Blazers have played their way into the heart of the Western Conference playoff picture. Heading into the seeding games, I was concerned with their defense. And it hasn’t been great, they are 19th of 22 restart teams in defensive rating so far. But at least it has been competitive, especially considering they are missing their designated perimeter stopper.
According to NBA.com matchup data, no player in the NBA guarded higher usage opposition than did Trevor Ariza in his time in Portland, pre-shutdown with his possession-weighted matchup having a usage rate of just under 24 percent, spending 40.6 percent of his time guarding 25+ usage primary options, also highest in the league. Someone for the Blazers was going to have to fill those shoes, and surprisingly, it has been Damian Lillard.
Never regarded as a particularly strong defender, grading out poorly in floor time metrics most of his career, Lillard has seen the largest jump in both average opponent usage rate and second-largest in proportion of his time on “primaries” of any player with at least 80 defensive possessions in the bubble. Pre-shutdown, Lillard’s average opponent had a usage rate of 18.6, but this has risen to 22.9 percent in Orlando. Similarly, after spending only 13.6 percent of his time guarding primaries through March, he has spent 41.2 percent on them in the bubble. Interestingly enough, combining the absence of Ariza with a schedule which has pitted Portland against high perimeter usage teams in Boston and Houston has seen the Blazers register the top three players in terms of increased defensive loads by these measures, as both C.J. McCollum and Gary Trent, Jr. have seen large upticks, with the fourth and third largest increase in average matchup usage respectively:
Speaking of Lillard and defensive assignments, Dame called Jrue Holiday the toughest defensive guard in the league on JJ Redick’s podcast. I’ve gone into this before, but Holiday has carried the largest “two-way” burden of any player in the NBA this season. Among players with above-average usage rates on the offensive end, nobody covered primary scorers more often than did Holiday, nor did any have a higher average usage cover. Just to make sure there is no confusion, Holiday is one of my very favorite players in the league and I think he frequently gets lost in the reflection of Zion Williamson and Brandon Ingram when the Pelicans are discussed.
Once more for those in the back
Devin Booker called game:
Was this a “good shot?”
Discussions of what is and is not a good shot in these sort of shot clock off, time game situations is endlessly fascinating. I’m not sure there is a good answer, just as there isn’t on Lillard’s season clincher over Paul George in last year’s playoffs. George opined Lillard got “a bad shot” then and one suspects he’d think the same about Booker’s.
A few things to consider:
In analyzing these late-game scenarios, shot quality has to be graded on a curve. Over the long term, teams and players have made less than a third of attempts over nearly 20 years of trying.
“Ball in the air” as the buzzer sounds is incredibly important. Properly executing this timing is an enormous swing in win probability, first by removing the possibility of a loss in regulation from the equation, and second by ensuring that the “game winner” actually wins the game. While the probability of the opponent successfully responding to fourth-quarter heroics is similarly under 30 percent, that’s still a big chunk of probability to leave on the table.
We have a reasonably good idea who is going to take the shot. One of the upshots of the importance of running the clock down is that cooperative plays that require any sort of timing become very difficult to execute with this sort of clock-watching precision needed to ensure the “0:00” aspect of the ensuing shot. Which means you’re probably running some sort of one-on-one iso. Which for most teams is a fairly obvious choice.
Knowing who is taking it and when the shot will be taken is a big part of why these shots tend to be so low percentage.
All of this is why calling a timeout after getting the ball back with the shot clock off in a tie game makes little sense unless it’s required to advance the ball. I enjoyed Monty Williams recognizing that after the Suns recovered the ball, letting Booker cook was going to be the play, no need to give the defense time to set up by taking a TO.
So, what to thing then? In both Booker’s shot on Tuesday and Lillard’s last year, the offensive team will be happy about who and when the shot was taken. BUT from a defensive standpoint, you’ll take a 37-footer or a double-teamed twisting fadeaway, right? In this way, both teams can be somewhat pleased to have controlled what they can control — the defense can’t really force the offense to go faster save by leaving someone open. And from there as the old adage goes, it’s a make or miss league.
— Josh Robbins contributed to this report.
With the games coming thick and fast, there are almost too many storylines to keep track of. Certainly too many to limit me to one quick lookaround per week. Here are a few more trends and topics of note from the last few days of play.
Shooting in silence
Heading into the bubble, there were questions about how players would adjust to the unusual shooting backgrounds. Given the different depth of field behind each basket as well as the much lower ambient noise and lack of waving thunder sticks (thank goodness), there were questions about the effects. One position was that the lack of depth behind the backboard would help shooting, by avoiding the “Stadium Effect” — itself the subject of some discussion, with some evidence indicating teams shoot slightly worse in larger football stadiums at least in the college game, though the issue is far from settled either way. In any event, the relatively small area behind the backboards in the three bubble gyms would presumably cut the other way if the effect was real, making shooting easier.
While it is difficult to draw apples-to-apples comparisons based on accuracy for shots during general play — the various factors which go into shot quality plus the somewhat biased samples of team and shooter quality resulting from eliminating the Delete Eight squads from contention are nigh impossible to account for without more detailed tracking data than is available publicly — we can look at free throws. Players and coaches have noted that shooting game free throws in this environment is just odd.
Kings’ head coach Luke Walton noted, “I think as guys are competing and getting going, they kind of get lost in the game. But there’s times at the free throw line that it’s pretty quiet in the gym. So that’s probably one of the adjustments players have to make as far as playing with no crowd out there.”
Evan Fournier of the Magic concurred with the sentiment: “It reminds me of the European championships when you’re a 16-year-old or a 17-year-old, and you play at 9 o’clock and the gym is just empty. That’s really what it reminds me of, but it’s been a while. Free throws were really, really quiet. So when I got to the line the other day, I could hear myself dribble, and I was like, ‘Whoa, I’ve got to make this shot!’ It felt awkward. But we’re pros. It’s a part of it now.”
Fournier’s teammate, Nikola Vucevic, noticed something similar, with shooting during live ball play not feeling much different but that “[t]he only thing: when we’re shooting free throws. I was shooting the first free throw, and it was super-quiet, and it was just like, ‘This is this a little awkward because there’s no noise at all.’ Usually, there is something when you’re trying to shoot. So it was a little weird.”
Now, the shots feeling unusual is not the same as the shots not going in. I’ve been curious as to how the environment might actually impact accuracy. One plausible theory heading in was that players would feel that sort of self-consciousness alluded to by Fournier and Vucevic any time they stepped to the line before better calibrating on second attempts. There is already an established split between first and subsequent free throws. Prior to the shutdown, the NBA as a whole made 74.8 percent of “1 of 2” free throws before improving to 79.1 percent on the second of two. So if you see a coach call a timeout between a pair of opponent free throws, you’ll know they’ve probably been informed of this split. It’s a tiny edge, gaining a team at most a few points of expectation over the course of a season. But you pick up the penny lying on the ground even though it’s only a penny.
How has it played out in the bubble?
Interestingly, it seems as if the lack of distraction matters far more than the pin-drop environment. Front ends of two-shot fouls have been converted at a rate of 73.9 percent, down a bit, but given the sample size of just over 800 shots, well within normal ranges. By contrast, back ends have been made at a sizzling 82.2 percent, that 8.3 percentage point gap between first and second shots being almost twice as large as the spread seen pre-bubble. Digging a little deeper into the comparison by using the attempts weighted average of pre-bubble free throw percentages, the average pair of attempts from the stripe was taken by a 76.6 percent shooter. In the bubble, this average has been … 76.6 percent.
In the bubble, shooters are hitting nearly 2.8 percentage points below seasonal averages on front ends, as compared to only 1.8 percent below pre-bubble. The flip side is that second attempts are being made at more than 5.4 points higher a rate than seasonal averages in the bubble compared to 2.4 percent pre-shutdown. It’s not enough shot attempts to be certain of any effect, but an interesting trend to watch.
And speaking of fouls and trends, after the first five days of play saw some pretty egregious foul rates, there was some hope on Tuesday, with free throw attempt rates still elevated from pre-shutdown levels, but not by the 30 percent-plus increase the first few bubble games saw. Sadly, the trend did not continue into Wednesday’s play:
Taking on the challenge defensively
Portland has been pleasant surprise in Orlando, going 2-1 so far and only a narrow loss to the Celtics from going 3-0. Regardless, the Blazers have played their way into the heart of the Western Conference playoff picture. Heading into the seeding games, I was concerned with their defense. And it hasn’t been great, they are 19th of 22 restart teams in defensive rating so far. But at least it has been competitive, especially considering they are missing their designated perimeter stopper.
According to NBA.com matchup data, no player in the NBA guarded higher usage opposition than did Trevor Ariza in his time in Portland, pre-shutdown with his possession-weighted matchup having a usage rate of just under 24 percent, spending 40.6 percent of his time guarding 25+ usage primary options, also highest in the league. Someone for the Blazers was going to have to fill those shoes, and surprisingly, it has been Damian Lillard.
Never regarded as a particularly strong defender, grading out poorly in floor time metrics most of his career, Lillard has seen the largest jump in both average opponent usage rate and second-largest in proportion of his time on “primaries” of any player with at least 80 defensive possessions in the bubble. Pre-shutdown, Lillard’s average opponent had a usage rate of 18.6, but this has risen to 22.9 percent in Orlando. Similarly, after spending only 13.6 percent of his time guarding primaries through March, he has spent 41.2 percent on them in the bubble. Interestingly enough, combining the absence of Ariza with a schedule which has pitted Portland against high perimeter usage teams in Boston and Houston has seen the Blazers register the top three players in terms of increased defensive loads by these measures, as both C.J. McCollum and Gary Trent, Jr. have seen large upticks, with the fourth and third largest increase in average matchup usage respectively:
Speaking of Lillard and defensive assignments, Dame called Jrue Holiday the toughest defensive guard in the league on JJ Redick’s podcast. I’ve gone into this before, but Holiday has carried the largest “two-way” burden of any player in the NBA this season. Among players with above-average usage rates on the offensive end, nobody covered primary scorers more often than did Holiday, nor did any have a higher average usage cover. Just to make sure there is no confusion, Holiday is one of my very favorite players in the league and I think he frequently gets lost in the reflection of Zion Williamson and Brandon Ingram when the Pelicans are discussed.
Once more for those in the back
Devin Booker called game:
Was this a “good shot?”
Discussions of what is and is not a good shot in these sort of shot clock off, time game situations is endlessly fascinating. I’m not sure there is a good answer, just as there isn’t on Lillard’s season clincher over Paul George in last year’s playoffs. George opined Lillard got “a bad shot” then and one suspects he’d think the same about Booker’s.
A few things to consider:
In analyzing these late-game scenarios, shot quality has to be graded on a curve. Over the long term, teams and players have made less than a third of attempts over nearly 20 years of trying.
“Ball in the air” as the buzzer sounds is incredibly important. Properly executing this timing is an enormous swing in win probability, first by removing the possibility of a loss in regulation from the equation, and second by ensuring that the “game winner” actually wins the game. While the probability of the opponent successfully responding to fourth-quarter heroics is similarly under 30 percent, that’s still a big chunk of probability to leave on the table.
We have a reasonably good idea who is going to take the shot. One of the upshots of the importance of running the clock down is that cooperative plays that require any sort of timing become very difficult to execute with this sort of clock-watching precision needed to ensure the “0:00” aspect of the ensuing shot. Which means you’re probably running some sort of one-on-one iso. Which for most teams is a fairly obvious choice.
Knowing who is taking it and when the shot will be taken is a big part of why these shots tend to be so low percentage.
All of this is why calling a timeout after getting the ball back with the shot clock off in a tie game makes little sense unless it’s required to advance the ball. I enjoyed Monty Williams recognizing that after the Suns recovered the ball, letting Booker cook was going to be the play, no need to give the defense time to set up by taking a TO.
So, what to thing then? In both Booker’s shot on Tuesday and Lillard’s last year, the offensive team will be happy about who and when the shot was taken. BUT from a defensive standpoint, you’ll take a 37-footer or a double-teamed twisting fadeaway, right? In this way, both teams can be somewhat pleased to have controlled what they can control — the defense can’t really force the offense to go faster save by leaving someone open. And from there as the old adage goes, it’s a make or miss league.
— Josh Robbins contributed to this report.
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