第六帖(原创)--考研英语新题型做题技巧(篇二)由林深时见鹿456 发表在步行街主干道 https://bbs.hupu.com/topic-daily
第五帖已经更新了考研新题型的排序题,受到热烈好评,粉丝接近2000人,接着更新考研新题型中的七选五做题技巧。另外多说一点,如果有师弟师妹加我询问问题的时候不要客气,有什么问题直接问,我会尽心解答,很多师弟师妹太客气,这个大可不必,反正闲着也是闲着,没有关系的。我的经验能帮一点就行,师兄是一个比较直爽的人,所以不用整那些没用的。再说一下,有问题的或者寻求英语资料的师弟师妹可以加我微信youpomian456或者QQ 1467323235,我定尽力而为解答各种问题。
截止目前,陆续更新十帖地址如下:
英语篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36046905.html
英语篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36046905.html
数学篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36221131.html
政治篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36367324.html
完形填空篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36536455.html
新题型排序篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36641059.html
新题型七选五篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36702099.html
新题型小标题篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36727750.html
清华备考技术篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36807080.html
翻译篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37025200.html
作文篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37148615.html七选五的体型难度实际上是低于排序题目的,原因在于七选五通常是原文被抠出一段,但是我们在做题的过程中能通过上下文或者关键词定位正确选项,与排序题相比,其映衬性更强,前后的逻辑我们较为容易确定,虽然也比较容易出现选错一个影响两到三题,但是一旦我们缕清逻辑顺序和关键点,实际上做到全对也并非难事,其出错概率要小于排序题目。而七选五最大的出错点其实在于多出来的两个选项,往往会有一定的迷惑性,所以可能需要我们在主旨、细节、上下文各种角度去辨析,确定正确答案,这就是七选五的总体特点。所以一旦考试的时候我们遇到七选五,应该有较大的信心,耐心仔细,有望能拿到6-8分甚至满分。
一、通读全文,把握全文主旨和段落主旨。
七选五的题目之所以较为容易就是因为我们有全文和段落作为参照,所以我们要首先通读全文,了解大致内容和基本信息,尽量去把握全文主旨和段落主旨。事实上把握主旨是考研英语阅读里面非常重要的技能,虽然在七选五中这种技能的应用远远不如在阅读考题中那么频繁,但是把握了全文主旨和段落主旨可以为我们明晰作者的写作思路和表述思路有个清晰的认识,对于我们选择正确的选项奠定基础,另外有一些选项可以通过把握主旨得以解决。我们来以2012年的新题型为例。
All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)
我们可以在这个题目里面看到,挖掉的选项(43)在文末,这样的位置极有可能是段落主旨或者起到承上启下的句子,我们来看这段话的意思,总结一下主旨。说大多数动物都在下载信息,而人类却很独特,运用创造性工具我们产生了很多文明。那么这段话就是在做动物世界和人类世界之间关于上传信息和下载信息的一个比较,说明人类的一个创造性。我们后面可以来看选项,就很容易发现[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.这个选项就在说这些事物定义了人类文化,使人类超越了下载信息本身,这就是人类的基本权利,A选项实际上是对之前描述的一个在总结,在比较动物界和人类在信息上传下载的差异之上,说明创造性是人类的基本能力。这就是一个比较典型的段落主旨的把握,把握好了主旨对于我们做对题目的帮助甚大,所以希望师弟师妹可以训练一下把握主旨方面的能力和技巧。
二、检索代词或关键词等细节信息
这种方式实际上是七选五题目中最容易出现的方法,要知道新题型的七选五往往考察的并不是对于文章深度的理解,更多考察的是对于关键信息的把握程度,因为这些文章往往较为晦涩,很多话题比较生僻且难以理解,比如上文我们举得那个例子,2012年的新题型,虽然在讲网络,但是讲的网络什么生物信息的上传和下载等概念,说实话我是很难清晰把握这种概念是什么样子的,但是没关系,只要不耽误我们做题即可,我们通过代词和关键性信息的把握可以完成很多甚至一半以上的题目是没有太多问题的。
我们以2012年的新题型为例子说明代词的应用
The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)
这道题目写了在20世纪下半叶很多牛人发明了很多东西,那么在C选项 Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.,这里面的代词they指代的是ollection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour,而device指代的是上文所说的machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier。利用代词我们可以比较明显地对照出正确选项。
我们再来看2015年的新题型:
The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______
在这道题里面我们发现了一个关键词infer,推测的意思,而在选项里面[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.我们又发现了inference,这两个是一个单词的不同形式,表示名词的推测。我们就能基本判断看可能是正常选项,但是还需要带入验证一下即可。由到这题我们可以发现其实关键词在七选五里面用法非常多,但是往往会进行不同程度的变形,比如说词性变化,infer-inference,还有上文我们提到的同义变形,machine-device,别的地方如idea-thought,都属于此类,所以我们要具备一双火眼金睛,抓住关键词及其形式变化,就可顺利找出正确答案。
三、上下文联系,可帮助确定逻辑思路
其实之前很多同学询问问题的时候,我就告诉他们新题型和阅读的本质是没有什么区别的,所考察的类型和广度都还是那些东西,用的方法可能有小异,但是大的框架没有什么本质区别。所以一般阅读训练到位的同学应付新题型其实是相对比较轻松的。上下文联系是一种阅读和新题型共通的方法,我在我的资料里面专门花了大篇幅去讲这个类型,就是希望大家能明白上下文联系的思路是有范围的,而且是有规律可寻的,我们来看2013年的新题型
Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .
这道题就是需要通过上下文的论述来确定正确答案的典型例题。这里面没有特别明显的关键词,没有关系的,没有关键词,我们就看上下文的关键句。请大家有一个初步印象,一般上下文联系的内容不会超出上下三句的范围之内。我们往上看,说人类拥有的高科技技术得以消除饥饿,但是这些问题本身也是社会性的。我们可以看出作者再降调科学技术的社会性问题。我们往下看,说这是一件令人遗憾的事情-社会科学团体应该抓住机会,提高其在现实世界中的影响力。那么由上文突出科学技术的社会性问题,到下文的社会团体应该多努力提高影响力,我们就可以推测,空格处必定描写的是现在在社会问题处理上的缺失,这就是通过上下文的逻辑顺序确定了我们的方向,由此我们就确定了正确答案[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .而该选项正是在说社会科学家不愿处理这些问题,而且欧洲在社会问题上的一些财政方向问题。那么这个就是正确选项。
四、注意连词在逻辑转折或者递进时的关系
注意空格前后句的情感基调,比如but, however等转折词,在空格选择的时候应该选择相反的情感,还有and ,also等并列词,选择的时候应该选择感情并列的句子或词组。当然也有别的逻辑连词,这里就不一而足了,要知道逻辑连词通常出现的概率很高,几乎每一年选项中都会有两道以上句首直接就是连词,判断其逻辑变化方便我们做题。我们来看2013年新题型的选项。
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.
[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .
[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
我们在七个选项中很容易发现逻辑连词在句首就有两项,2/7,其实在历年新题型中这种比例基本上是2/7-3/7,可以看出这个比例不小的,B选项however开头表示转折,F选项despite开头表示让步。由此可以方便我们做题。我们在文章中(43)选项中很容易发现前后表示转折,Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____。前面说明社会问题论文数量增加很快,然后转折说明起数量依然比较少。这样就能确定是选项B,由however带来的前后转折逻辑。
好了,写一篇就写到这里了,粗浅之见,欢迎大家指正,现在已进入大暑,各位师弟师妹备考辛苦,一切汗水不会白流,坚持的意义远远大于技战术。祝师弟师妹前程似锦,蟾宫折桂。
第五帖已经更新了考研新题型的排序题,受到热烈好评,粉丝接近2000人,接着更新考研新题型中的七选五做题技巧。另外多说一点,如果有师弟师妹加我询问问题的时候不要客气,有什么问题直接问,我会尽心解答,很多师弟师妹太客气,这个大可不必,反正闲着也是闲着,没有关系的。我的经验能帮一点就行,师兄是一个比较直爽的人,所以不用整那些没用的。再说一下,有问题的或者寻求英语资料的师弟师妹可以加我微信youpomian456或者QQ 1467323235,我定尽力而为解答各种问题。
截止目前,陆续更新十帖地址如下:
英语篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36046905.html
英语篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36046905.html
数学篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36221131.html
政治篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36367324.html
完形填空篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36536455.html
新题型排序篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36641059.html
新题型七选五篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36702099.html
新题型小标题篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36727750.html
清华备考技术篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36807080.html
翻译篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37025200.html
作文篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37148615.html七选五的体型难度实际上是低于排序题目的,原因在于七选五通常是原文被抠出一段,但是我们在做题的过程中能通过上下文或者关键词定位正确选项,与排序题相比,其映衬性更强,前后的逻辑我们较为容易确定,虽然也比较容易出现选错一个影响两到三题,但是一旦我们缕清逻辑顺序和关键点,实际上做到全对也并非难事,其出错概率要小于排序题目。而七选五最大的出错点其实在于多出来的两个选项,往往会有一定的迷惑性,所以可能需要我们在主旨、细节、上下文各种角度去辨析,确定正确答案,这就是七选五的总体特点。所以一旦考试的时候我们遇到七选五,应该有较大的信心,耐心仔细,有望能拿到6-8分甚至满分。
一、通读全文,把握全文主旨和段落主旨。
七选五的题目之所以较为容易就是因为我们有全文和段落作为参照,所以我们要首先通读全文,了解大致内容和基本信息,尽量去把握全文主旨和段落主旨。事实上把握主旨是考研英语阅读里面非常重要的技能,虽然在七选五中这种技能的应用远远不如在阅读考题中那么频繁,但是把握了全文主旨和段落主旨可以为我们明晰作者的写作思路和表述思路有个清晰的认识,对于我们选择正确的选项奠定基础,另外有一些选项可以通过把握主旨得以解决。我们来以2012年的新题型为例。
All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)
我们可以在这个题目里面看到,挖掉的选项(43)在文末,这样的位置极有可能是段落主旨或者起到承上启下的句子,我们来看这段话的意思,总结一下主旨。说大多数动物都在下载信息,而人类却很独特,运用创造性工具我们产生了很多文明。那么这段话就是在做动物世界和人类世界之间关于上传信息和下载信息的一个比较,说明人类的一个创造性。我们后面可以来看选项,就很容易发现[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.这个选项就在说这些事物定义了人类文化,使人类超越了下载信息本身,这就是人类的基本权利,A选项实际上是对之前描述的一个在总结,在比较动物界和人类在信息上传下载的差异之上,说明创造性是人类的基本能力。这就是一个比较典型的段落主旨的把握,把握好了主旨对于我们做对题目的帮助甚大,所以希望师弟师妹可以训练一下把握主旨方面的能力和技巧。
二、检索代词或关键词等细节信息
这种方式实际上是七选五题目中最容易出现的方法,要知道新题型的七选五往往考察的并不是对于文章深度的理解,更多考察的是对于关键信息的把握程度,因为这些文章往往较为晦涩,很多话题比较生僻且难以理解,比如上文我们举得那个例子,2012年的新题型,虽然在讲网络,但是讲的网络什么生物信息的上传和下载等概念,说实话我是很难清晰把握这种概念是什么样子的,但是没关系,只要不耽误我们做题即可,我们通过代词和关键性信息的把握可以完成很多甚至一半以上的题目是没有太多问题的。
我们以2012年的新题型为例子说明代词的应用
The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)
这道题目写了在20世纪下半叶很多牛人发明了很多东西,那么在C选项 Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.,这里面的代词they指代的是ollection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour,而device指代的是上文所说的machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier。利用代词我们可以比较明显地对照出正确选项。
我们再来看2015年的新题型:
The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______
在这道题里面我们发现了一个关键词infer,推测的意思,而在选项里面[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.我们又发现了inference,这两个是一个单词的不同形式,表示名词的推测。我们就能基本判断看可能是正常选项,但是还需要带入验证一下即可。由到这题我们可以发现其实关键词在七选五里面用法非常多,但是往往会进行不同程度的变形,比如说词性变化,infer-inference,还有上文我们提到的同义变形,machine-device,别的地方如idea-thought,都属于此类,所以我们要具备一双火眼金睛,抓住关键词及其形式变化,就可顺利找出正确答案。
三、上下文联系,可帮助确定逻辑思路
其实之前很多同学询问问题的时候,我就告诉他们新题型和阅读的本质是没有什么区别的,所考察的类型和广度都还是那些东西,用的方法可能有小异,但是大的框架没有什么本质区别。所以一般阅读训练到位的同学应付新题型其实是相对比较轻松的。上下文联系是一种阅读和新题型共通的方法,我在我的资料里面专门花了大篇幅去讲这个类型,就是希望大家能明白上下文联系的思路是有范围的,而且是有规律可寻的,我们来看2013年的新题型
Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .
这道题就是需要通过上下文的论述来确定正确答案的典型例题。这里面没有特别明显的关键词,没有关系的,没有关键词,我们就看上下文的关键句。请大家有一个初步印象,一般上下文联系的内容不会超出上下三句的范围之内。我们往上看,说人类拥有的高科技技术得以消除饥饿,但是这些问题本身也是社会性的。我们可以看出作者再降调科学技术的社会性问题。我们往下看,说这是一件令人遗憾的事情-社会科学团体应该抓住机会,提高其在现实世界中的影响力。那么由上文突出科学技术的社会性问题,到下文的社会团体应该多努力提高影响力,我们就可以推测,空格处必定描写的是现在在社会问题处理上的缺失,这就是通过上下文的逻辑顺序确定了我们的方向,由此我们就确定了正确答案[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .而该选项正是在说社会科学家不愿处理这些问题,而且欧洲在社会问题上的一些财政方向问题。那么这个就是正确选项。
四、注意连词在逻辑转折或者递进时的关系
注意空格前后句的情感基调,比如but, however等转折词,在空格选择的时候应该选择相反的情感,还有and ,also等并列词,选择的时候应该选择感情并列的句子或词组。当然也有别的逻辑连词,这里就不一而足了,要知道逻辑连词通常出现的概率很高,几乎每一年选项中都会有两道以上句首直接就是连词,判断其逻辑变化方便我们做题。我们来看2013年新题型的选项。
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.
[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .
[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
我们在七个选项中很容易发现逻辑连词在句首就有两项,2/7,其实在历年新题型中这种比例基本上是2/7-3/7,可以看出这个比例不小的,B选项however开头表示转折,F选项despite开头表示让步。由此可以方便我们做题。我们在文章中(43)选项中很容易发现前后表示转折,Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____。前面说明社会问题论文数量增加很快,然后转折说明起数量依然比较少。这样就能确定是选项B,由however带来的前后转折逻辑。
好了,写一篇就写到这里了,粗浅之见,欢迎大家指正,现在已进入大暑,各位师弟师妹备考辛苦,一切汗水不会白流,坚持的意义远远大于技战术。祝师弟师妹前程似锦,蟾宫折桂。
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