第七帖(原创)-考研英语新题型解题技巧(篇三)由林深时见鹿456 发表在步行街主干道 https://bbs.hupu.com/topic-daily
第五帖和第六帖陆续更新了排序题和七选五的做题方法,很多师弟师妹反应有所收获,这里先讲一下一个师弟反馈的问题,他说这些方法一看就懂,但是自己却不知道怎么使用,也不知道什么时候使用。事实上任何方法和技巧都需要实践并熟练运用,熟能生巧,如果不熟练,一切技巧都无从谈起,只有在自己的实践中去努力尝试并最终形成习惯和感觉,大家才能真正在考试中熟练运用这些技巧达到高效解题的目的。好了,闲话少说,这里我们更新新题型解题技巧的最后一个内容-小标题。还是老样子,有问题或者寻求资料的师弟师妹请加微信youpomian456或者QQ 1467323235。
截止目前,陆续更新十帖地址如下:
英语篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36046905.html
数学篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36221131.html
政治篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36367324.html
完形填空篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36536455.html
新题型排序篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36641059.html
新题型七选五篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36702099.html
新题型小标题篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36727750.html
清华备考技术篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36807080.html
翻译篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37025200.html
作文篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37148615.html
小标题的总体特点:
小标题近十年考了两次,一个是2016年,另外一个是2020年,事实上之前二十几年也只在2007年考过,概率要低于排序题和七选五,难度相对来说也较低,不过2020年大家普遍感觉较难,难度更多应该体现在题目本身,有大量的生词,很多同学读起来非常费劲,导致了错误率比较高,但是这与小标题这种题型关系不大,小标题做题难度依然不高,所以遇到这种题型请大家充满信心,大胆去做,满分不是特别难的事情。
既然是小标题,一定是总结主旨,在前面我已经讲过,新题型的做题方法的内核与阅读是没有什么本质区别的,都是侧重于对主旨、细节、上下文等内容的把握,所以训练这些阅读技巧对于解新题型依然适用,如果大家对于阅读技巧有着比较深的把握能力,新题型只需要稍微训练一下就能迎刃而解。小标题的方法与阅读主旨的把握是相似的。所以我们也大可采用阅读里面关于主旨内容的把握来去解题。
一、首尾法(经典方法,使用概率极高)
何谓首尾法?有两层意思:1、主旨句在首尾句里面。这个是比较多的,很多情况下主旨句直接就是首尾句,这是很多文章的写作习惯和风格,在新题型小标题里面运用是非常多的。2、通过对于首尾句相同和相反意思的把握,把握段落的主旨,比如说如果首尾句的意思相同或相似,我们直接就能把握住主旨,如果首尾句的意思相反,我们可以通过逻辑词看出作者强调的重点到底是首句还是尾句。第二种方法其实在阅读里面出现甚多,但是在新题型里面出现的较少。我们来举几个2020年的例子来说明这两种方法的应用。
45、In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.
这道题是比较典型的首句就是主旨句的范例。我们来看首句In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance。这句话的意思是在神经质测试(与自我意识和焦虑相关的人格维度)得分高的人中,眼神交流会引发更多与回避相关的活动。其中重点突出的含义就是眼神交流与性格之间是有关系的,那么正确选项就很容易选出来D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact。人格会影响一个人对眼神交流的反应。
下面一个例题:
With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.
这是一道比较典型的主旨句在尾句的题目,我们在首句之中发现不了主旨,那么我们选择尾句来看一下, "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.“无论你是政治家还是家长,记住保持眼神交流可能会有帮助,如果你想说服一个和你有不同信仰的人,那可能会适得其反。”明森说。这样我们就能抓住主旨了,G Eye contact can also be aggressive眼神交流也可以是侵略性的。
我们再来看另一个例题:
In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.
这段话的首句In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility。它的意思是在社交场合,与另一个人的眼神交流可以表明你正以一种友好的方式关注,但也可能是敌对的,比如当一个政治候选人在辩论中转向他们的竞争对手,并进行眼神交流,这表明了你的敌意。那么首句我们其实看不出来到底作者在强调什么,那么我们就通过尾句来接着论证,利用首尾句之间的逻辑关系就能看出作者其实在强调什么。 "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.眼神交流和微笑“可以表示可用性和自信,这是心理学家莫妮卡·摩尔的研究中支持的常识概念。通过比较首尾之间的逻辑关系我们就可以得出结论,作者在这一段中更倾向于强调它的一个正面效应,我们顺理成章就可以找出正确的选项。[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal,眼神交流可以是一个友好的社会信号。
首尾法在主旨归纳中占据了大半壁江山,在阅读中也好,在新题型中也好,凡是主旨总结类的东西,首尾法都是必不可少的方法,希望大家能够仔细体会这两道题目,熟练运用首尾法去总结文章甚至是段落主旨。
二、关键句/主题句法
有些时候主旨并不在首尾之中,而在段落之中,这就需要我们抽丝剥茧,把那个关键句给找出来,其实这种方法也很简单,如果我们读首尾法以后找不到我们要的主旨的感觉,我们就果断在中间寻找主题句,一般一段落并不长,排除了首尾,剩下的东西并不多,而且可以结合着我们下面要讲的第三条联合排除,主题句也就顺理成章就能很容易出来。我们来看一道例题:
When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.
这段话的首尾句我们都看不出太多主旨的感觉,排除了首尾句以后,我们就发现总共没剩下几句话了,那么我们很容易就可以找出关键句These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image,这句话是说这些停顿通常以每秒3次左右的速度出现,然后眼睛跳到另一个点,直到图像中的几个重要点。我们就知道了主旨是说眼神注视是一件很快的事情。A Eye fixactions are brief,眼神注视是短暂的,正确答案就是它。
三、例证/实验无效法
这个更多的是一种排除法,意思是说如果段落中出现了举例或者大段的实验描述,这些东西去掉也不影响对于主旨的判断。因为很多时候,特别是阅读理解中,往往会有很多例子来论述,或者通过实验来论述观点和主旨,这些东西都是起证明作用的,证明性的东西一般去掉以后对于观点和主旨的把握不会产生负面作用,甚至由于精简了以后我们更能有目标性去找到真正的主旨句来把握主旨。当然了这种在新题型里应用的没有那么多,在阅读主旨总结里比较多,大家可以找我要资料,更细致了解主旨的方法。
好了,洋洋洒洒又写了这么多,这篇文章主要例子全部来自于2020年的真题,从这个分析上我们可以看出,即便是我们普遍感觉到很难的2020年的真题依然是常规方法,没有什么大不了的,大家之所以感觉到难,原因就在于单词不行,所以单词的掌握很重要,大家要针对性的背诵真题单词,以应对这种级别的考试。
前前后后花了三篇帖子,才把新题型的做题方法给做了一个粗略的总结,很累,说实话,做这种东西就是需要不停地翻历年的真题,总结方法,还要寻求例证,来验证你的方法的有效性,再写成帖子,相当不易,请大家多点推荐,谢谢各位,祝大家前程似锦,蟾宫折桂!
第五帖和第六帖陆续更新了排序题和七选五的做题方法,很多师弟师妹反应有所收获,这里先讲一下一个师弟反馈的问题,他说这些方法一看就懂,但是自己却不知道怎么使用,也不知道什么时候使用。事实上任何方法和技巧都需要实践并熟练运用,熟能生巧,如果不熟练,一切技巧都无从谈起,只有在自己的实践中去努力尝试并最终形成习惯和感觉,大家才能真正在考试中熟练运用这些技巧达到高效解题的目的。好了,闲话少说,这里我们更新新题型解题技巧的最后一个内容-小标题。还是老样子,有问题或者寻求资料的师弟师妹请加微信youpomian456或者QQ 1467323235。
截止目前,陆续更新十帖地址如下:
英语篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36046905.html
数学篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36221131.html
政治篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36367324.html
完形填空篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36536455.html
新题型排序篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36641059.html
新题型七选五篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36702099.html
新题型小标题篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36727750.html
清华备考技术篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/36807080.html
翻译篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37025200.html
作文篇:https://bbs.hupu.com/37148615.html
小标题的总体特点:
小标题近十年考了两次,一个是2016年,另外一个是2020年,事实上之前二十几年也只在2007年考过,概率要低于排序题和七选五,难度相对来说也较低,不过2020年大家普遍感觉较难,难度更多应该体现在题目本身,有大量的生词,很多同学读起来非常费劲,导致了错误率比较高,但是这与小标题这种题型关系不大,小标题做题难度依然不高,所以遇到这种题型请大家充满信心,大胆去做,满分不是特别难的事情。
既然是小标题,一定是总结主旨,在前面我已经讲过,新题型的做题方法的内核与阅读是没有什么本质区别的,都是侧重于对主旨、细节、上下文等内容的把握,所以训练这些阅读技巧对于解新题型依然适用,如果大家对于阅读技巧有着比较深的把握能力,新题型只需要稍微训练一下就能迎刃而解。小标题的方法与阅读主旨的把握是相似的。所以我们也大可采用阅读里面关于主旨内容的把握来去解题。
一、首尾法(经典方法,使用概率极高)
何谓首尾法?有两层意思:1、主旨句在首尾句里面。这个是比较多的,很多情况下主旨句直接就是首尾句,这是很多文章的写作习惯和风格,在新题型小标题里面运用是非常多的。2、通过对于首尾句相同和相反意思的把握,把握段落的主旨,比如说如果首尾句的意思相同或相似,我们直接就能把握住主旨,如果首尾句的意思相反,我们可以通过逻辑词看出作者强调的重点到底是首句还是尾句。第二种方法其实在阅读里面出现甚多,但是在新题型里面出现的较少。我们来举几个2020年的例子来说明这两种方法的应用。
45、In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.
这道题是比较典型的首句就是主旨句的范例。我们来看首句In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance。这句话的意思是在神经质测试(与自我意识和焦虑相关的人格维度)得分高的人中,眼神交流会引发更多与回避相关的活动。其中重点突出的含义就是眼神交流与性格之间是有关系的,那么正确选项就很容易选出来D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact。人格会影响一个人对眼神交流的反应。
下面一个例题:
With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.
这是一道比较典型的主旨句在尾句的题目,我们在首句之中发现不了主旨,那么我们选择尾句来看一下, "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.“无论你是政治家还是家长,记住保持眼神交流可能会有帮助,如果你想说服一个和你有不同信仰的人,那可能会适得其反。”明森说。这样我们就能抓住主旨了,G Eye contact can also be aggressive眼神交流也可以是侵略性的。
我们再来看另一个例题:
In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.
这段话的首句In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility。它的意思是在社交场合,与另一个人的眼神交流可以表明你正以一种友好的方式关注,但也可能是敌对的,比如当一个政治候选人在辩论中转向他们的竞争对手,并进行眼神交流,这表明了你的敌意。那么首句我们其实看不出来到底作者在强调什么,那么我们就通过尾句来接着论证,利用首尾句之间的逻辑关系就能看出作者其实在强调什么。 "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.眼神交流和微笑“可以表示可用性和自信,这是心理学家莫妮卡·摩尔的研究中支持的常识概念。通过比较首尾之间的逻辑关系我们就可以得出结论,作者在这一段中更倾向于强调它的一个正面效应,我们顺理成章就可以找出正确的选项。[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal,眼神交流可以是一个友好的社会信号。
首尾法在主旨归纳中占据了大半壁江山,在阅读中也好,在新题型中也好,凡是主旨总结类的东西,首尾法都是必不可少的方法,希望大家能够仔细体会这两道题目,熟练运用首尾法去总结文章甚至是段落主旨。
二、关键句/主题句法
有些时候主旨并不在首尾之中,而在段落之中,这就需要我们抽丝剥茧,把那个关键句给找出来,其实这种方法也很简单,如果我们读首尾法以后找不到我们要的主旨的感觉,我们就果断在中间寻找主题句,一般一段落并不长,排除了首尾,剩下的东西并不多,而且可以结合着我们下面要讲的第三条联合排除,主题句也就顺理成章就能很容易出来。我们来看一道例题:
When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.
这段话的首尾句我们都看不出太多主旨的感觉,排除了首尾句以后,我们就发现总共没剩下几句话了,那么我们很容易就可以找出关键句These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image,这句话是说这些停顿通常以每秒3次左右的速度出现,然后眼睛跳到另一个点,直到图像中的几个重要点。我们就知道了主旨是说眼神注视是一件很快的事情。A Eye fixactions are brief,眼神注视是短暂的,正确答案就是它。
三、例证/实验无效法
这个更多的是一种排除法,意思是说如果段落中出现了举例或者大段的实验描述,这些东西去掉也不影响对于主旨的判断。因为很多时候,特别是阅读理解中,往往会有很多例子来论述,或者通过实验来论述观点和主旨,这些东西都是起证明作用的,证明性的东西一般去掉以后对于观点和主旨的把握不会产生负面作用,甚至由于精简了以后我们更能有目标性去找到真正的主旨句来把握主旨。当然了这种在新题型里应用的没有那么多,在阅读主旨总结里比较多,大家可以找我要资料,更细致了解主旨的方法。
好了,洋洋洒洒又写了这么多,这篇文章主要例子全部来自于2020年的真题,从这个分析上我们可以看出,即便是我们普遍感觉到很难的2020年的真题依然是常规方法,没有什么大不了的,大家之所以感觉到难,原因就在于单词不行,所以单词的掌握很重要,大家要针对性的背诵真题单词,以应对这种级别的考试。
前前后后花了三篇帖子,才把新题型的做题方法给做了一个粗略的总结,很累,说实话,做这种东西就是需要不停地翻历年的真题,总结方法,还要寻求例证,来验证你的方法的有效性,再写成帖子,相当不易,请大家多点推荐,谢谢各位,祝大家前程似锦,蟾宫折桂!
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