Darius Garland’s growth, Kevin Porter Jr.’s shot, more由那么爱呢_ 发表在翻译团招工部 https://bbs.hupu.com/fyt-store
As the Cavs navigated the second year of their rebuild, one objective was the assimilation of their young players into the NBA. With the starting lineup featuring Darius Garland and Collin Sexton, and Kevin Porter Jr. highlighted in the second unit, the three young players had their distinctive roles on the Cavs. They each had strong games and also dealt with rockier performances.
The Cavs were 19-46 before the season was suspended on March 11. With everything on hold, we enlisted the help of Seth Partnow, the former director of basketball research for the Milwaukee Bucks who now covers the NBA and basketball analytics for The Athletic, to look at the numbers of the Cavs’ young core this season and what it means moving forward.
Let’s get to it.
Russo: Darius Garland’s rookie season has been a mixed bag. He has averaged 12.3 points and 3.9 assists, with a 49.8 true shooting percentage. But one of the glaring stats is his usage percentage, which sits at 20.1 percent through 59 games. At the beginning of the season, we talked about how true shooting and usage were important barometers for his offensive growth. So with those in mind, how do you evaluate Garland’s offensive growth this season?
Partnow: So, I’ll start with an important caveat that will apply to a lot of my answers here. “Development” was always going to be a keyword and concept for the Cavs this season, and it is very tempting to want to look at each player’s statistical output as a time series and draw a line from Point A in October to Point B in early March and extrapolate out to Point C and beyond whether that’s a resumption of the 2019-20 season or beyond. But it doesn’t completely work that way as the real growth a player experiences across his first season in the league is difficult to tease out from the normal ebbs and flows of a season that affect all players.
It’s easier to see why this might be so with respect to counting stats. Looking at Cleveland’s “go forward” rotation players 25 and under, they all certainly put up healthier “fantasy” stat lines after Jan. 1 than in the 2019 portion of the season:
2019-20 Cavs' Youth
But, this is in large part because they all played more minutes. There are a number of reasons a young player can be awarded more minutes; trades, injuries to incumbent starters, coaching changes, organizational mandates and, of course, genuine improvement meriting a larger role. Hopefully, as you think back on the season, you were mentally putting a checkmark next to each of those factors!
Even “rate” stats such as shooting efficiency numbers, which aren’t largely dependent on playing time are subject to variations and influences beyond changes in the player’s skill, and it’s dangerous to look at Collin Sexton’s 2019/2020 split in performance, see the large uptick in his efficiency numbers in the new year, and then decide that’s who he is going forward. It’s better that he was better in the second half of the season than if he had performed at the underwhelming 2019 portion of the campaign, but his contribution over the season is the combination of both.
Notice how I talked about Sexton’s output improving from the first portion of the season to the second when answering a question about Garland, and I think that’s your answer for the degree to which we saw apparent statistical gains across his rookie season. Which is … not great.
Russo: Your point on the development aspect was a factor that we heard on the first day of the season, especially in regards to Garland, since he played only a handful of games at Vanderbilt and didn’t play in Summer League. When the Cavs drafted Garland last summer, the focus turned to how this young backcourt would fit together. But the main concern was the young guards’ defense and the struggle with having a small backcourt. When looking at the deeper defensive numbers, what is the biggest defensive concern for this pairing?
Partnow: Measuring individual defense is hard, especially for perimeter players. Young players tend to struggle early in their career on the defensive side of the ball. So, with those things in mind, the best thing one can say for the young Cavs is that it’s hard to assign an especially large amount of the blame for the team’s rank of 29th in Defensive Rating, only slightly ahead of Washington to stay out of last place.
The indicators aren’t good. Among the 514 players to appear in the NBA this season, Sexton ranked 513th in defensive RAPM. Kevin Porter, Jr. was 484th, while Garland 436th. That said, of the Cavs’ regular rotation, Larry Nance, Jr. was the only rotation regular not to have a significantly negative estimated defensive impact by that measure. In layman’s terms, everyone was bad defensively.
Cavaliers 2019-20 Defensive RAPM
The young guards might have been worse than most, but they are young and guards — defensive metrics tend to have a positional skew favoring bigs — so they shouldn’t necessarily have been the players expected to carry the defensive load.
A last caveat I often provide when referencing regression-based impact metrics such as RAPM is that those methods are only estimating effectiveness in current situations. As players change roles or schemes, previous estimates lose a lot of predictive power. So it’s fair to say that the defensive context almost can’t help but get better for them than 2019-20, which saw a number of hard-to-quantify phenomena from a first-time NBA coach to an unbalanced roster to reports of locker-room turmoil. The backdrop against which the defensive performances might be measured can’t get much worse, and will likely get better.
Still, Sexton did not have the college profile of a player likely to develop into a high-level defender in the pro game, with relatively low steal, block and rebound rates for a top prospect, and has done little if any to make us want to revise that prediction. Porter showed a little more defensive pop from a statistical standpoint in his one college season, but still nothing special, while, of course, Garland had no meaningful pre-NBA sample to speak of after his early-season knee injury.
To summarize, the results weren’t good, and there isn’t much reason to believe these players will suddenly become good defenders. But the circumstances will almost assuredly improve and with that, so will the defensive output at least to some degree. Good news if you’re a “glass is quarter full” type person …
Russo: Definitely a positive for some fans to hold on to, that’s for sure. It’s interesting to think about how all the outside factors really affected the on-the-court performances, and there were so many different instances throughout the season. Porter’s shooting numbers ebbed and flowed over the season, with his field-goal and 3-point percentage peaking in January. When the season was suspended, he was averaging more 3-point attempts in February and March then he had earlier. Do you think it was a matter of him gaining confidence taking those shots, or is there something to point to in the analytics that suggests something different?
Partnow: When I talked about the Hawks with Chris Kirshner recently, we had a similar conversation about Cam Reddish, and I’ll briefly recount the general point there: Player growth isn’t linear over a season, and especially with respect to shooting efficiency. The end of the season doesn’t “count” more than earlier in the year. So looking at Porter’s body of shooting work, I think you have to be encouraged. In his small college sample, he made jumpers (41.2 percent on 3-pointers) but was a very bad free-throw shooter at 52.2 percent, which is a somewhat worrying profile to project as an NBA-level shooter.
Though he didn’t shoot a great percentage in his rookie season, at 33.5 percent he was at least credible. More positively, his free-throw shooting jumped dramatically, all the way to 72.3, which can be a better indication of pure shooting touch. Still 72.3 percent is mediocre, as is Porter’s 34.2 percent accuracy on “open” 3s taken with no defender within six feet. On balance I’d say the evidence suggests that he’s not, or at least not yet, an especially threatening shooter. However, to this point in his NBA career it looks like he will avoid the career-killing “non-shooter” zone.
Russo: During Dylan Windler’s final season at Belmont, he was the only player to average at least 20 points, 10 rebounds, 2.5 assists per game, and shoot 40 percent from 3-point range in 2019. Windler did not play a game for the Cavs this season and appeared in only two in a Canton Charge uniform before he had surgery for a stress reaction and was shut down for the remainder of the season. But he’s still a part of that young core and now a hopeful for the Cavs’ future as they wait for his return.
The Cavs lacked depth on the wing and a shooter this season, and theoretically that could be Windler’s role. How do you see him benefiting from playing beside guys such as Garland and/or Sexton?
Partnow: From a metrics standpoint, Windler was one of the best shooting prospects in last year’s draft, shooting nearly 43 percent on high volume while also hitting nearly 85 percent from the line. Accuracy is not a major concern, rather his ability to do enough other things well enough to be on the floor and then whether he has the capability to get up a decent number of attempts when he is in the game will be the determinants of his eventual status as a rotation player. Those aspects of his game are harder to tease out from his college profile, as we’re balancing solid across-the-board production against age, his relatively low level of college competition and now the fact that he’s largely lost out on a full year of development. The latter two factors are most concerning to me, as he will be starting his NBA career as a 24-year-old who hasn’t played in 15 months or more.
Still, if he can defend at all — and the bar to clear is not exactly high as discussed above — there is a pretty large gap in the current Cavs roster for a spot-up shooting small forward. Assuming health going forward, it’s hard to see a reason he doesn’t at least get a look at that role. From there, it’s a question of whether he can take and make enough shots to balance against whatever deficiencies he shows in other areas.
Russo: Finally, though he’s not necessarily a “young guy,” in the sense that he’s 26 years old, Andre Drummond was the Cavs’ new addition at the trade deadline. While it isn’t official, most likely Drummond will opt into his $29 million player option for next season. Drummond was leading the league in rebounding 15.2 per game when the season was suspended. However, the Cavs had a 120 defensive rating when Drummond was on the court, versus a 108.9 rating when he was off. The defensive rating can’t be put on one player — and he had only a small sample size of games with the Cavs — but with his role at center and his asset in rebounding, do any of the deeper analytics demonstrate he’s having the right effect on the Cavs’ defensive game?
Partnow: First of all, it’s amazing that Drummond is only 26. It feels like he’s been around forever, as next season will be his ninth as a professional. As a defender, Drummond’s reputation as an intimidating rim protector has been largely overblown. His athleticism actually shows up much more in terms of his ability to corral loose balls, whether via rebounds or steals. Since 2013-14, there have been 28 individual minutes-qualified seasons where centers had a steal percentage of 2.0 or higher. Drummond has five of those seasons, more than any other player — DeMarcus Cousins and Nerlens Noel each have four such years.
But Drummond has been a mediocre-at-best rim protector, and in only two of his eight seasons has he been estimated to have a positive defensive impact per RAPM, including only one season in the top 100. While he has been quite efficient grabbing rebounds, on a team level, he’s been far more impactful on the offensive glass, where he is genuinely elite, than on defense, where he has been essentially fine, somewhat above average. Defensive rebounding is not an area of great weakness for the Cavs, however, with Kevin Love and Tristan Thompson around. In terms of his effectiveness for the Cavs specifically, it’s an eight-game sample at the end of an already lost season, so I don’t think there’s enough there to meaningfully evaluate in ways that go beyond Drummond’s career performances.
If there is one area where I am somewhat confident Drummond will probably help, it is defensive transition. According to Cleaning the Glass, the Cavs allowed opponents to fast break more frequently than any other team following defensive rebounds. There is a fairly straightforward tradeoff between crashing the offensive glass and getting back on defense, but if a team employs a single elite offensive rebounder like Drummond, it can be a little bit of the best of both worlds: He can get more than his share of offensive rebounds without other teammates involved, allowing the other four players to get back in defensive transition.
As the Cavs navigated the second year of their rebuild, one objective was the assimilation of their young players into the NBA. With the starting lineup featuring Darius Garland and Collin Sexton, and Kevin Porter Jr. highlighted in the second unit, the three young players had their distinctive roles on the Cavs. They each had strong games and also dealt with rockier performances.
The Cavs were 19-46 before the season was suspended on March 11. With everything on hold, we enlisted the help of Seth Partnow, the former director of basketball research for the Milwaukee Bucks who now covers the NBA and basketball analytics for The Athletic, to look at the numbers of the Cavs’ young core this season and what it means moving forward.
Let’s get to it.
Russo: Darius Garland’s rookie season has been a mixed bag. He has averaged 12.3 points and 3.9 assists, with a 49.8 true shooting percentage. But one of the glaring stats is his usage percentage, which sits at 20.1 percent through 59 games. At the beginning of the season, we talked about how true shooting and usage were important barometers for his offensive growth. So with those in mind, how do you evaluate Garland’s offensive growth this season?
Partnow: So, I’ll start with an important caveat that will apply to a lot of my answers here. “Development” was always going to be a keyword and concept for the Cavs this season, and it is very tempting to want to look at each player’s statistical output as a time series and draw a line from Point A in October to Point B in early March and extrapolate out to Point C and beyond whether that’s a resumption of the 2019-20 season or beyond. But it doesn’t completely work that way as the real growth a player experiences across his first season in the league is difficult to tease out from the normal ebbs and flows of a season that affect all players.
It’s easier to see why this might be so with respect to counting stats. Looking at Cleveland’s “go forward” rotation players 25 and under, they all certainly put up healthier “fantasy” stat lines after Jan. 1 than in the 2019 portion of the season:
2019-20 Cavs' Youth
But, this is in large part because they all played more minutes. There are a number of reasons a young player can be awarded more minutes; trades, injuries to incumbent starters, coaching changes, organizational mandates and, of course, genuine improvement meriting a larger role. Hopefully, as you think back on the season, you were mentally putting a checkmark next to each of those factors!
Even “rate” stats such as shooting efficiency numbers, which aren’t largely dependent on playing time are subject to variations and influences beyond changes in the player’s skill, and it’s dangerous to look at Collin Sexton’s 2019/2020 split in performance, see the large uptick in his efficiency numbers in the new year, and then decide that’s who he is going forward. It’s better that he was better in the second half of the season than if he had performed at the underwhelming 2019 portion of the campaign, but his contribution over the season is the combination of both.
Notice how I talked about Sexton’s output improving from the first portion of the season to the second when answering a question about Garland, and I think that’s your answer for the degree to which we saw apparent statistical gains across his rookie season. Which is … not great.
Russo: Your point on the development aspect was a factor that we heard on the first day of the season, especially in regards to Garland, since he played only a handful of games at Vanderbilt and didn’t play in Summer League. When the Cavs drafted Garland last summer, the focus turned to how this young backcourt would fit together. But the main concern was the young guards’ defense and the struggle with having a small backcourt. When looking at the deeper defensive numbers, what is the biggest defensive concern for this pairing?
Partnow: Measuring individual defense is hard, especially for perimeter players. Young players tend to struggle early in their career on the defensive side of the ball. So, with those things in mind, the best thing one can say for the young Cavs is that it’s hard to assign an especially large amount of the blame for the team’s rank of 29th in Defensive Rating, only slightly ahead of Washington to stay out of last place.
The indicators aren’t good. Among the 514 players to appear in the NBA this season, Sexton ranked 513th in defensive RAPM. Kevin Porter, Jr. was 484th, while Garland 436th. That said, of the Cavs’ regular rotation, Larry Nance, Jr. was the only rotation regular not to have a significantly negative estimated defensive impact by that measure. In layman’s terms, everyone was bad defensively.
Cavaliers 2019-20 Defensive RAPM
The young guards might have been worse than most, but they are young and guards — defensive metrics tend to have a positional skew favoring bigs — so they shouldn’t necessarily have been the players expected to carry the defensive load.
A last caveat I often provide when referencing regression-based impact metrics such as RAPM is that those methods are only estimating effectiveness in current situations. As players change roles or schemes, previous estimates lose a lot of predictive power. So it’s fair to say that the defensive context almost can’t help but get better for them than 2019-20, which saw a number of hard-to-quantify phenomena from a first-time NBA coach to an unbalanced roster to reports of locker-room turmoil. The backdrop against which the defensive performances might be measured can’t get much worse, and will likely get better.
Still, Sexton did not have the college profile of a player likely to develop into a high-level defender in the pro game, with relatively low steal, block and rebound rates for a top prospect, and has done little if any to make us want to revise that prediction. Porter showed a little more defensive pop from a statistical standpoint in his one college season, but still nothing special, while, of course, Garland had no meaningful pre-NBA sample to speak of after his early-season knee injury.
To summarize, the results weren’t good, and there isn’t much reason to believe these players will suddenly become good defenders. But the circumstances will almost assuredly improve and with that, so will the defensive output at least to some degree. Good news if you’re a “glass is quarter full” type person …
Russo: Definitely a positive for some fans to hold on to, that’s for sure. It’s interesting to think about how all the outside factors really affected the on-the-court performances, and there were so many different instances throughout the season. Porter’s shooting numbers ebbed and flowed over the season, with his field-goal and 3-point percentage peaking in January. When the season was suspended, he was averaging more 3-point attempts in February and March then he had earlier. Do you think it was a matter of him gaining confidence taking those shots, or is there something to point to in the analytics that suggests something different?
Partnow: When I talked about the Hawks with Chris Kirshner recently, we had a similar conversation about Cam Reddish, and I’ll briefly recount the general point there: Player growth isn’t linear over a season, and especially with respect to shooting efficiency. The end of the season doesn’t “count” more than earlier in the year. So looking at Porter’s body of shooting work, I think you have to be encouraged. In his small college sample, he made jumpers (41.2 percent on 3-pointers) but was a very bad free-throw shooter at 52.2 percent, which is a somewhat worrying profile to project as an NBA-level shooter.
Though he didn’t shoot a great percentage in his rookie season, at 33.5 percent he was at least credible. More positively, his free-throw shooting jumped dramatically, all the way to 72.3, which can be a better indication of pure shooting touch. Still 72.3 percent is mediocre, as is Porter’s 34.2 percent accuracy on “open” 3s taken with no defender within six feet. On balance I’d say the evidence suggests that he’s not, or at least not yet, an especially threatening shooter. However, to this point in his NBA career it looks like he will avoid the career-killing “non-shooter” zone.
Russo: During Dylan Windler’s final season at Belmont, he was the only player to average at least 20 points, 10 rebounds, 2.5 assists per game, and shoot 40 percent from 3-point range in 2019. Windler did not play a game for the Cavs this season and appeared in only two in a Canton Charge uniform before he had surgery for a stress reaction and was shut down for the remainder of the season. But he’s still a part of that young core and now a hopeful for the Cavs’ future as they wait for his return.
The Cavs lacked depth on the wing and a shooter this season, and theoretically that could be Windler’s role. How do you see him benefiting from playing beside guys such as Garland and/or Sexton?
Partnow: From a metrics standpoint, Windler was one of the best shooting prospects in last year’s draft, shooting nearly 43 percent on high volume while also hitting nearly 85 percent from the line. Accuracy is not a major concern, rather his ability to do enough other things well enough to be on the floor and then whether he has the capability to get up a decent number of attempts when he is in the game will be the determinants of his eventual status as a rotation player. Those aspects of his game are harder to tease out from his college profile, as we’re balancing solid across-the-board production against age, his relatively low level of college competition and now the fact that he’s largely lost out on a full year of development. The latter two factors are most concerning to me, as he will be starting his NBA career as a 24-year-old who hasn’t played in 15 months or more.
Still, if he can defend at all — and the bar to clear is not exactly high as discussed above — there is a pretty large gap in the current Cavs roster for a spot-up shooting small forward. Assuming health going forward, it’s hard to see a reason he doesn’t at least get a look at that role. From there, it’s a question of whether he can take and make enough shots to balance against whatever deficiencies he shows in other areas.
Russo: Finally, though he’s not necessarily a “young guy,” in the sense that he’s 26 years old, Andre Drummond was the Cavs’ new addition at the trade deadline. While it isn’t official, most likely Drummond will opt into his $29 million player option for next season. Drummond was leading the league in rebounding 15.2 per game when the season was suspended. However, the Cavs had a 120 defensive rating when Drummond was on the court, versus a 108.9 rating when he was off. The defensive rating can’t be put on one player — and he had only a small sample size of games with the Cavs — but with his role at center and his asset in rebounding, do any of the deeper analytics demonstrate he’s having the right effect on the Cavs’ defensive game?
Partnow: First of all, it’s amazing that Drummond is only 26. It feels like he’s been around forever, as next season will be his ninth as a professional. As a defender, Drummond’s reputation as an intimidating rim protector has been largely overblown. His athleticism actually shows up much more in terms of his ability to corral loose balls, whether via rebounds or steals. Since 2013-14, there have been 28 individual minutes-qualified seasons where centers had a steal percentage of 2.0 or higher. Drummond has five of those seasons, more than any other player — DeMarcus Cousins and Nerlens Noel each have four such years.
But Drummond has been a mediocre-at-best rim protector, and in only two of his eight seasons has he been estimated to have a positive defensive impact per RAPM, including only one season in the top 100. While he has been quite efficient grabbing rebounds, on a team level, he’s been far more impactful on the offensive glass, where he is genuinely elite, than on defense, where he has been essentially fine, somewhat above average. Defensive rebounding is not an area of great weakness for the Cavs, however, with Kevin Love and Tristan Thompson around. In terms of his effectiveness for the Cavs specifically, it’s an eight-game sample at the end of an already lost season, so I don’t think there’s enough there to meaningfully evaluate in ways that go beyond Drummond’s career performances.
If there is one area where I am somewhat confident Drummond will probably help, it is defensive transition. According to Cleaning the Glass, the Cavs allowed opponents to fast break more frequently than any other team following defensive rebounds. There is a fairly straightforward tradeoff between crashing the offensive glass and getting back on defense, but if a team employs a single elite offensive rebounder like Drummond, it can be a little bit of the best of both worlds: He can get more than his share of offensive rebounds without other teammates involved, allowing the other four players to get back in defensive transition.
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