How Michael Jordan would need to adjust his post-up game in the modern NBA由JabariIverson 发表在翻译团招工部 https://bbs.hupu.com/fyt-store
Few signature shots have ever defined an era of NBA basketball the way that Michael Jordan’s fadeaway did. The grace and precision of his footwork combined with his power and athleticism to project an air of inevitability that only Kareem Abdul-Jabbar’s skyhook could rival.
The triangle offense offered plenty of opportunities to deploy that weapon and its counters, with Jordan frequenting both the low-post and pinch-post positions that the Lakers’ Shaquille O’Neal and Kobe Bryant would occupy for Phil Jackson just a couple of years later. On the twice-threepeat Bulls, Scottie Pippen handled the responsibility of organizing the offense, allowing Jordan to receive the ball in his favorite spots and go to work.
But the NBA has changed drastically since “The Last Dance” of the 1997-98 season, particularly as it relates to post play. The elimination of the illegal defense rule before the 2001-02 season allowed for the application of zone defense concepts, diminishing the efficacy of what had been the game’s most tried and true method of attack. The Analytics Era delivered a secondary blow when it recognized the inefficiencies of the mid-range game, an area where many post possessions would culminate.
Would Jordan still be able to dominate from the post in a league that’s gone so far away from that style of play?
As dangerous and aesthetically pleasing as Jordan’s fadeaway was, he was at his best in the post when he was attacking the rim. A subtle benefit of Pippen’s presence was the fact that most teams in that era did not have two wing defenders who were 6-foot-5 or taller, so Jordan enjoyed many favorable matchups against the shooting guards of that era. He would often overwhelm them with his size and athleticism and simply lay the ball in the basket.
For all of the endless comparisons and debates between Jordan and LeBron James, LeBron is an appropriate case study for the additional challenges that Jordan would face and adjustments he would need to make to translate his style of post play into the modern era. James enjoys similar, bigger/faster/stronger advantages that Jordan did, and not only do the Lakers regularly post him up, they also usually do so while clearing out an entire side of the court for him, just as the Bulls did for Jordan.
The difference is in what the help defenders are allowed to do. The 2001-02 rule change eliminated the requirement that they stay within arm’s length of their man, allowing them to provide additional help on a dominant post player without fully committing to a double team.
Alex Caruso clears out to the weak side after making the post entry pass to LeBron on this play, giving LeBron the left side of the floor all to himself. Caris Levert helps off of Markieff Morris at the elbow, where the lane line and free throw line meet. By playing in between LeBron and his man, Levert is one step away from helping on a LeBron drive to the middle but also one step away from a closeout on Morris if LeBron decides to kick the pass out to him.
As this is happening, Timothé Luwawu-Cabarrot leaves Caruso to step in front of JaVale McGee, who’s in the weakside dunker’s spot. That frees up Jarrett Allen to help if LeBron drives baseline because it would be an easy lob to McGee if Luwawu-Cabarrot didn’t front him.
Both Levert and Luwawu-Cabarrot’s actions here would have been illegal in the ’90s. The value of this for the defense is that it provides a second defender no matter which way LeBron decides to drive to the basket, without fully committing to the double team and leaving their man wide open. That gives Taurean Prince the freedom to ball pressure LeBron, because he has help in either direction if he gets beat. What would have been an easy decision to attack the rim in a previous era is more of a calculation now. LeBron chooses to take the face-up jumper and misses.
In the 1990s, the Bulls could create spacing for Jordan’s post-ups even without the presence of shooters, by using the Illegal Defense rule to their advantage.
The Seattle Supersonics enjoyed some success in fronting the post with Gary Payton against Jordan in the 1996 Finals, but by Game 6, the Bulls had a viable counter. Phil Jackson stationed both Scottie Pippen and Ron Harper 35-feet away from the basket as Luc Longley lifts to the top of the key, with Dennis Rodman as the post entry passer from the right wing. None of those players were scoring threats from those positions, but it didn’t matter. The rules at the time dictated that their defenders must remain within arms’ distance up until the 3-point line. That spacing provided an easy entry pass over the top Payton, leading to a reverse layup from MJ.
In today’s game, overloading toward a dominant post player makes defenses vulnerable on the weakside of the court. Skip passes are often the best way to exploit that advantage.
As Lebron backs PJ Tucker down on this play, Clint Capela leaves Dwight Howard to lend a bit of extra help but doesn’t entirely commit to the double team, making it somewhat of a Strong Side Zone. Capela’s shift to the strong side (the side of the court the ball is on) means that the Rockets are outnumbered 3-to-2 on the weakside. Eric Gordon must strike a balance between preventing the lob pass to Howard, and closing out to whomever Ben McLemore doesn’t take. For his part, McLemore’s tasked with closing out to whomever LeBron throws the skip pass to, either Kentavious Caldwell-Pope and Jared Dudley. LeBron makes that pass to Dudley, and McLemore takes a step toward him but peels off after seeing Gordon scurrying to the corner. This one false step gives Caldwell-Pope the advantage, and KCP rocks McLemore back on his heels while attacking the closeout, before knocking down the pull-up jumper.
Weakside rotations to the 3-point line necessitated by skip passes were in their infancy in the 1990s, and big men were rarely asked to closeout to shooters.
Frank Johnson sprints to double team Jordan, who fumbles the ball after Dan Majerle pokes it away momentarily. Horace Grant sweeps the baseline while Scottie Pippen cuts to the free throw line. John Paxson is wide open on the weak side wing, but Jordan misses him and moves the ball to Grant instead. In the modern game, Richard Dumas and Mark West would have taken the 3-on-2 responsibility on the weakside that Gordon and McLemore had in the previous clip, but the defense isn’t nearly as organized. West doesn’t even try to rotate to the shooter.
The only defensive mistake in the Houston clip is one false step by McLemore, in a miscommunication with Gordon, so the offensive window of opportunity is small. In the clip above, Paxson is still wide open after three passes. The sophistication of defensive rotations has taken a quantum leap forward over the last 20 to 25 years.
But make no mistake, Jordan was a fantastic skip passer as a matter of instinct rather than design. He’d often drive to the rim and fire high-velocity, on-target passes to open shooters despite the clumsy spacing of the 1990s. His scoring while attacking the rim from the post would almost certainly go down in the modern game just as it has league-wide, but he’d feast on the improved schematics and shooting of today with his passing.
Yet while this era’s defenses may limit Jordan’s shots around the basket with bigger, more athletic personnel and broader defensive freedom, that wouldn’t do much to deter his fadeaway. The question is how much they’d want to.
Tracking data by shot location began in the 1996-97 season, giving us some insight on Jordan’s last two championship seasons. He shot 1,206 for 2,577 from mid-range over that time, 46.8 percent from the field. That was not only respectable for that era, but downright efficient in a league where many games finished with final scores in the 1970s and 80s.
That isn’t the case in 2020. The NBA realized that free throws, shots at the rim, and 3-pointers are significantly more productive than the mid-range game, producing average possessions that far exceed even Jordan’s robust numbers from there. Furthermore, that data comprises all of Jordan’s mid-range attempts, and those fadeaways from the post are the most difficult shots of all. There’s no way to know exactly how often he made those shots, but it’s likely to be less often than his overall mid-range percentage. Anecdotally, I tracked Jordan’s post jumpers throughout the 1998 NBA Finals, where he shot 18-for-52 (34.6 percent). Hornacek was his most frequent defender in these situations, and he shot 7-for-22 (31.8 percent) on those attempts.
Defenses in the 1990s lived in fear of Jordan’s fadeaway, often unleashing his incomparable stepthrough move in the process — giving him a significantly better look — while trying to overplay his jumper. Modern defenses would likely approach those shots in the same manner they do against the elite players of today’s game. They’d be happy to let him take them because he’s less dangerous on a fading, mid-range 2-pointer than he is from almost everywhere else.
The league has drastically changed with respect to post play, and Jordan would have to as well. He’d almost certainly still be an elite option down low, but that would likely manifest itself more in his passing because rule changes have mostly legislated dominant post scorers out of the game. The reduction of these possessions has turned the league over to players who can attack from the perimeter.
In the next piece, I’ll take a closer look at how Jordan’s guard skills would translate to today’s game.
Few signature shots have ever defined an era of NBA basketball the way that Michael Jordan’s fadeaway did. The grace and precision of his footwork combined with his power and athleticism to project an air of inevitability that only Kareem Abdul-Jabbar’s skyhook could rival.
The triangle offense offered plenty of opportunities to deploy that weapon and its counters, with Jordan frequenting both the low-post and pinch-post positions that the Lakers’ Shaquille O’Neal and Kobe Bryant would occupy for Phil Jackson just a couple of years later. On the twice-threepeat Bulls, Scottie Pippen handled the responsibility of organizing the offense, allowing Jordan to receive the ball in his favorite spots and go to work.
But the NBA has changed drastically since “The Last Dance” of the 1997-98 season, particularly as it relates to post play. The elimination of the illegal defense rule before the 2001-02 season allowed for the application of zone defense concepts, diminishing the efficacy of what had been the game’s most tried and true method of attack. The Analytics Era delivered a secondary blow when it recognized the inefficiencies of the mid-range game, an area where many post possessions would culminate.
Would Jordan still be able to dominate from the post in a league that’s gone so far away from that style of play?
As dangerous and aesthetically pleasing as Jordan’s fadeaway was, he was at his best in the post when he was attacking the rim. A subtle benefit of Pippen’s presence was the fact that most teams in that era did not have two wing defenders who were 6-foot-5 or taller, so Jordan enjoyed many favorable matchups against the shooting guards of that era. He would often overwhelm them with his size and athleticism and simply lay the ball in the basket.
For all of the endless comparisons and debates between Jordan and LeBron James, LeBron is an appropriate case study for the additional challenges that Jordan would face and adjustments he would need to make to translate his style of post play into the modern era. James enjoys similar, bigger/faster/stronger advantages that Jordan did, and not only do the Lakers regularly post him up, they also usually do so while clearing out an entire side of the court for him, just as the Bulls did for Jordan.
The difference is in what the help defenders are allowed to do. The 2001-02 rule change eliminated the requirement that they stay within arm’s length of their man, allowing them to provide additional help on a dominant post player without fully committing to a double team.
Alex Caruso clears out to the weak side after making the post entry pass to LeBron on this play, giving LeBron the left side of the floor all to himself. Caris Levert helps off of Markieff Morris at the elbow, where the lane line and free throw line meet. By playing in between LeBron and his man, Levert is one step away from helping on a LeBron drive to the middle but also one step away from a closeout on Morris if LeBron decides to kick the pass out to him.
As this is happening, Timothé Luwawu-Cabarrot leaves Caruso to step in front of JaVale McGee, who’s in the weakside dunker’s spot. That frees up Jarrett Allen to help if LeBron drives baseline because it would be an easy lob to McGee if Luwawu-Cabarrot didn’t front him.
Both Levert and Luwawu-Cabarrot’s actions here would have been illegal in the ’90s. The value of this for the defense is that it provides a second defender no matter which way LeBron decides to drive to the basket, without fully committing to the double team and leaving their man wide open. That gives Taurean Prince the freedom to ball pressure LeBron, because he has help in either direction if he gets beat. What would have been an easy decision to attack the rim in a previous era is more of a calculation now. LeBron chooses to take the face-up jumper and misses.
In the 1990s, the Bulls could create spacing for Jordan’s post-ups even without the presence of shooters, by using the Illegal Defense rule to their advantage.
The Seattle Supersonics enjoyed some success in fronting the post with Gary Payton against Jordan in the 1996 Finals, but by Game 6, the Bulls had a viable counter. Phil Jackson stationed both Scottie Pippen and Ron Harper 35-feet away from the basket as Luc Longley lifts to the top of the key, with Dennis Rodman as the post entry passer from the right wing. None of those players were scoring threats from those positions, but it didn’t matter. The rules at the time dictated that their defenders must remain within arms’ distance up until the 3-point line. That spacing provided an easy entry pass over the top Payton, leading to a reverse layup from MJ.
In today’s game, overloading toward a dominant post player makes defenses vulnerable on the weakside of the court. Skip passes are often the best way to exploit that advantage.
As Lebron backs PJ Tucker down on this play, Clint Capela leaves Dwight Howard to lend a bit of extra help but doesn’t entirely commit to the double team, making it somewhat of a Strong Side Zone. Capela’s shift to the strong side (the side of the court the ball is on) means that the Rockets are outnumbered 3-to-2 on the weakside. Eric Gordon must strike a balance between preventing the lob pass to Howard, and closing out to whomever Ben McLemore doesn’t take. For his part, McLemore’s tasked with closing out to whomever LeBron throws the skip pass to, either Kentavious Caldwell-Pope and Jared Dudley. LeBron makes that pass to Dudley, and McLemore takes a step toward him but peels off after seeing Gordon scurrying to the corner. This one false step gives Caldwell-Pope the advantage, and KCP rocks McLemore back on his heels while attacking the closeout, before knocking down the pull-up jumper.
Weakside rotations to the 3-point line necessitated by skip passes were in their infancy in the 1990s, and big men were rarely asked to closeout to shooters.
Frank Johnson sprints to double team Jordan, who fumbles the ball after Dan Majerle pokes it away momentarily. Horace Grant sweeps the baseline while Scottie Pippen cuts to the free throw line. John Paxson is wide open on the weak side wing, but Jordan misses him and moves the ball to Grant instead. In the modern game, Richard Dumas and Mark West would have taken the 3-on-2 responsibility on the weakside that Gordon and McLemore had in the previous clip, but the defense isn’t nearly as organized. West doesn’t even try to rotate to the shooter.
The only defensive mistake in the Houston clip is one false step by McLemore, in a miscommunication with Gordon, so the offensive window of opportunity is small. In the clip above, Paxson is still wide open after three passes. The sophistication of defensive rotations has taken a quantum leap forward over the last 20 to 25 years.
But make no mistake, Jordan was a fantastic skip passer as a matter of instinct rather than design. He’d often drive to the rim and fire high-velocity, on-target passes to open shooters despite the clumsy spacing of the 1990s. His scoring while attacking the rim from the post would almost certainly go down in the modern game just as it has league-wide, but he’d feast on the improved schematics and shooting of today with his passing.
Yet while this era’s defenses may limit Jordan’s shots around the basket with bigger, more athletic personnel and broader defensive freedom, that wouldn’t do much to deter his fadeaway. The question is how much they’d want to.
Tracking data by shot location began in the 1996-97 season, giving us some insight on Jordan’s last two championship seasons. He shot 1,206 for 2,577 from mid-range over that time, 46.8 percent from the field. That was not only respectable for that era, but downright efficient in a league where many games finished with final scores in the 1970s and 80s.
That isn’t the case in 2020. The NBA realized that free throws, shots at the rim, and 3-pointers are significantly more productive than the mid-range game, producing average possessions that far exceed even Jordan’s robust numbers from there. Furthermore, that data comprises all of Jordan’s mid-range attempts, and those fadeaways from the post are the most difficult shots of all. There’s no way to know exactly how often he made those shots, but it’s likely to be less often than his overall mid-range percentage. Anecdotally, I tracked Jordan’s post jumpers throughout the 1998 NBA Finals, where he shot 18-for-52 (34.6 percent). Hornacek was his most frequent defender in these situations, and he shot 7-for-22 (31.8 percent) on those attempts.
Defenses in the 1990s lived in fear of Jordan’s fadeaway, often unleashing his incomparable stepthrough move in the process — giving him a significantly better look — while trying to overplay his jumper. Modern defenses would likely approach those shots in the same manner they do against the elite players of today’s game. They’d be happy to let him take them because he’s less dangerous on a fading, mid-range 2-pointer than he is from almost everywhere else.
The league has drastically changed with respect to post play, and Jordan would have to as well. He’d almost certainly still be an elite option down low, but that would likely manifest itself more in his passing because rule changes have mostly legislated dominant post scorers out of the game. The reduction of these possessions has turned the league over to players who can attack from the perimeter.
In the next piece, I’ll take a closer look at how Jordan’s guard skills would translate to today’s game.
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